When an application tells you that you need Java 12, but your repository only has Java 8, it's fine to install whatever implementation of Java 12 you can find from a reliable source.
If you feel overwhelmed by the choices, then the easy answer of which Java implementation you should install is whichever is easiest for you to install. The IcedTea project is essentially OpenJDK, but its goal is to make it easier for users to build and deploy OpenJDK when using fully free and open source tools. Oracle bundles proprietary components with its Java downloads, while the OpenJDK project is fully open source. Luckily, Java is an open source technology, so if you're not happy with the way Oracle maintains the project, you have other options. When Sun Microsystems was bought by Oracle, Java was a major part of the sale. What's the difference between OpenJDK, IcedTea, and OracleJDK?
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Sometimes you might find an application in an app store, or you might install it with a package manager like DNFÂ on Fedora or Brew on Mac, and other times, you might download an executable or an installer from a website. No matter what operating system you're running, there are usually several ways to install an application.